Recently scientists discovered a unique similarity between gorillas and humans in social interactions between groups.
As is known, these primates live in larger groups that allow them to choose friends. However, it turns out that in new research shows how gorillas maximize close relationships.
Quoted from Science Alert, Monday (08/08/2020), this behavior according to scientists is very similar to humans, where the relationship between brain size and group size has led to the idea of how humans can maintain around 150 stable friendships. This theory is known as Dunbar's figure which was revealed by the English evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar.
However, just because a group is bigger, does not mean that the relationship within it is stronger.
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When viewed in a mix of brain size and the time available every day to maintain close social ties, non-human primates are estimated to only maintain around 50 stable friendships.
However, studies on Rwandan gorillas show that outside the typical groups of 12 to 20 individuals, social life does not become more complex.
Meanwhile, scientists are not sure why this pattern emerged. They think it might have something to do with the time and effort needed for primates to maintain a strong social circle.
"Our research shows social diversity is lower in very large groups where gorillas must maintain a greater number of relationships," said anthropologist Robin Morrison of the Fossey Fund and the University of Exeter in England.
It is often assumed that the larger the population, the more diverse the social life of animals. In fact, according to the Dunbar social brain hypothesis, this is why the primate brain is so large.
Historically, more mental strength is needed to develop and maintain a growing social circle.
By drawing a dozen years of data from 13 gorilla groups in Rwanda, including more than 150 individuals, the researchers tracked how much time the gorilla spent moving, eating, and nesting.
"In many primates, social interaction can be measured by how much time individuals spend caring for each other," explained Morrison.
However, gorillas spend less time caring for them than most other primates. Conversely, many gorilla societies are about who individuals choose to sit next to, and who they avoid.
In short, scientists explain that the social complexity measured at the group level may not represent the social complexity experienced by individuals in the groups.
Similar to humans, this shows that gorillas have a number of close friends that they can maintain. What's more, like humans, some gorillas are better at socializing than others.
"Some gorillas have a greater diversity of social relationships than others," says biologist Lauren Brent, who studies the evolution of sociality at the University of Exeter.
The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, adds evidence to show whether humans, gorillas or other social animals have social interactions in the same way.
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Scientists concluded this study relied only on group size as a measure of social complexity that might be limited. Especially when used in understanding cognitive demands experienced by individuals.
However, on the contrary, this also implies that the diversity of social relations alone may not fully reflect social complexity.
Tara Stoinski, President and CEO of Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, said that long-term monitoring and protection of endangered mountain gorillas is very important.
"Not only for their (gorilla) conservation but also for what we can learn from these intelligent and highly social species about how complex social behaviors, such as our (human) behavior, have evolved," Stoinski said.
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